llAdjustSoundVolume (and llLinkAdjustSoundVolume) silently fails to adjust volume to 0 if the volume of a given llPlaySound has not already been adjusted to another number first. This seems to only affect llPlaySound, and llLoopSound seems to work if set to 0 immediately.
As a workaround, using llAdjustSoundVolume on the intended volume directly after llPlaySound is called functions to later allow the volume to be set to 0.